The composition and application of semiconductor lighting systems are diverse. According to the composition of the spectrum, it can be divided into monochromatic light, red-blue composite light, white light, etc.; according to the array of lamp beads, there are uniformly distributed and concentrated distributed; according to the type of lamp, there are lights Tubes, bulbs, panels, downlights, light strips, etc.; according to the lamp bead packaging method, there is a little single package, and a little more than one according to the control method; according to the control method, including single lamp manual and large-scale automatic management . According to the LED lighting function, there are two types. ①Facilities fill light. As a supplementary light, the light can be enhanced at any time of the day, the effective lighting time can be prolonged, and the light required by animals and plants can be effectively extended and scientifically controlled. ②Completely replace natural light to promote plant growth. For most growers, LED plant lights are the best light source to replace sunlight. Because its spectrum is completely designed according to the spectrum required for the growth of animals and plants, and it has the characteristics of high brightness and long service life.
The application field of facility agricultural semiconductor lighting, the application field of facility agricultural semiconductor lighting, and the modern agricultural lighting application fields are diverse, with different biological forms in each field, the light environment requirements are quite different, and the light environment control strategies are different. All in all, it mainly includes the following areas.
The first is the field of facility gardening. The area of facility horticulture cultivation in my country has reached nearly 4 million hm2, and the artificial light cultivation area (tissue culture, plant factories, edible fungus factories) has reached more than 5,000 hm2, and the output value has exceeded one trillion yuan, and it is increasing year by year. The mode of light environment regulation in the field of facility gardening includes the following aspects.
① Fill the greenhouse with light. The area of solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses in my country is more than 1 million hm2. In order to overcome the adversity of low light, increase the photosynthetic yield of plants, and extend the photoperiod of fabric illumination, artificial lighting must be supplemented.
② Edible fungus factory. Edible fungus is an important vegetable and medical food and health care product. In 2012, my country's total production of edible fungus was nearly 30 million tons, with an output value of more than 150 billion yuan, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total output. At present, the production of edible fungi is highly industrialized, and most edible fungi do not require high light intensity, but the light quality requirements are harsh, the yield and quality effects are great, and the light environment regulation is very important.
③Plant factories. As the most advanced development stage of facility horticulture, plant factories can be used for large-scale production of vegetables, seedlings (vegetable seedlings, rice, tobacco, etc.), and Chinese herbal medicines. It is estimated that the production efficiency of leafy vegetables in the artificial light plant factory is 40 to 108 times that of the open field, and the intelligent artificial light source and its light environment regulation play a decisive role in its production efficiency.
④ Plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is an important method for rapid propagation and detoxification of seedlings. Artificial light is completely used for production, and there is a great demand for artificial light sources. Moreover, the energy consumption of plant tissue culture is relatively large, and there is an urgent need for LED energy-saving light sources to replace traditional light sources to greatly reduce power consumption. my country is the global production base and export base of planted plant seedlings, and it is also the world's largest consumer market for tissue-cultivated seedlings. Since the mid-1990s, mainland China has undertaken the production transfer of the global factory-based group breeding seedlings, and now this production transfer process has been completed. According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, as of the end of 2007, the annual output value of the country's annual output was about 20 billion yuan.
⑤ Facility production of sprouts. The production of facility sprouts requires light environment regulation, which has important application value and practical significance in terms of yield and quality formation and efficient production.
⑥ Storage, transportation and preservation of live and isolated vegetables. The LED light source has application value in the preservation of freshness and nutritional quality during postharvest storage and transportation, and the photocatalytic treatment of nutrient solution.
⑦Application in the space security system to produce food and vegetable crops.
⑧ Plant growth box, home planting and balcony planting supplement light application. Generally, sprout vegetables need light intensity of 7～15umol/m2·s, leafy vegetables need 200～300umod/m2·s, and fruit vegetables and fruit trees need light energy above 550umol/m2·s.
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Second, the field of facility livestock and poultry breeding. Facility livestock and poultry breeding is the main production method to meet the demand for meat, eggs and milk. In 2011, the output value of poultry farming alone in my country reached 650 billion yuan, and there were 40 million poultry farmers and enterprises. In recent years, large-scale breeding has been further expanded. Studies have shown that the color, intensity, duration and intermittent control of artificial lighting will cause stress on the behavior, physiological characteristics, growth and development of farmed animals, and ultimately affect the growth and reproduction of animals.
Intensive chicken farms, pig farms, etc. must use artificial lighting. Artificial lighting has broad application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding. For animal breeding, according to different breeding purposes (such as meat production, egg production, milk production, etc.), LEDs with specific wavelengths can be used to implement light to promote animal productivity, reduce the use of feed additives and hormones, and achieve high-efficiency green production. Pan Jinming et al. (2013) reviewed the current research status of LED light environment regulation technology for chicken-scale breeding.
In broiler chickens, LED light color, illuminance, photoperiod and other factors can be adjusted to affect the structure of the small intestine mucosa to improve nutrient absorption and growth, and improve slaughter performance and chicken quality by affecting satellite cell proliferation and muscle fiber development. Behavior and health, enhance immunity, reduce mortality and disease incidence, etc. Regarding laying hens and breeders, regulating the light environment can affect their feed consumption and promote the release of hormones such as luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to affect sexual maturity, age at the start of laying, egg production rate, etc., and at the same time increase breeding. The fertilization and hatching rate of chickens can improve the quality of eggs and effectively reduce the phenomenon of pecking.
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Third, in the areas of facility aquaculture and ocean fishing, light signals are used to control phototaxis and photoperiod. LED fish trap lights and LED insect trap lights have important uses and have the advantages of energy-saving, ecological, and high-efficiency applications. For marine fishing, LED light sources of specific wavelengths can be used to induce seafood and increase the catch. At present, the use of spot fishing lights include coiling nets, reeling nets, fishing nets, moving nets, fishing, etc. Different fish stay according to their respective illuminance, and the influence of illuminance distribution on fish retention needs to be studied. The fish’s retina has three vertebrae with maximum light sensitivity of 450mm, 530mm and 620nm, and a fourth vertebral body with the maximum light sensitivity to UV radiation. The maximum light perception of most marine fish is around 480～510mm, and the vision of different fish eyes on the spectrum is different. In aquaculture, the periodic changes of visible light are used to control the maturation process of fish, and the lighting brightness and photoperiod are controlled for different fish species. Utilizing UV radiation to produce oxidants in seawater to promote the synthesis of hormones related to ovulation.
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Fourth, UV-LED sterilization uses the photochemical function of light. It is used for the disinfection of nutrient solution in various soilless cultivation sites and the disinfection of breeding water. Among them, UV-C radiation with a wavelength of 253.7nm has the best sterilization function.
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Fifth, the field of microorganisms and microalgae cultivation. LEDs have important application prospects in the field of microbial and microalgae cultivation. In the cultivation of microorganisms and microalgae, LEDs of specific wavelengths that promote the reproduction, cultivation, and proliferation of beneficial microorganisms can be used to implement light to achieve a high-efficiency and dense-yield microbial reaction process.
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Finally, there is a strong demand for plant protection applications to control the incidence of pests and diseases through trapping insects and evading and inhibiting actions. Use the method of capturing and repelling insects by their phototaxis. Use LED lights with insect visibility spectrum (300-450nm) close to attract pests. Use the principle of the visual organs of insects (compound eyes) to reduce the ability of movement, reduce the flying of moths and other insects that are active at night, or control the movement of insects.
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